Quick Facts of Mustang
- Location: Lo Manthang 33100
- Cultural Significance: Tibetan Buddhist
- Altitude: 2,800 meters (9,186 feet) to 4,000 meters (13,123 feet)
- Capital: Lo Manthang
- Best Time to Visit: March to May and from September to November
Mustang is a remote region in Nepal, located in the north-central part of the country. It is often referred as the “Forbidden Kingdom” due to its restricted access until 1992. Mustang is renowned for its unique landscapes, ancient monasteries, and preserved Tibetan Buddhist culture.
The region is characterized by its arid and desert-like terrain, with deep gorges, rugged cliffs, and vast expanses of barren hills. The dramatic backdrop of the snow-capped Himalayas adds to the awe-inspiring beauty of Mustang.
The cultural heritage of the Mustang is deeply rooted in Tibetan Buddhism. Throughout the region, you’ll find numerous monasteries and caves that hold centuries-old religious artifacts, murals, and manuscripts. Lo Manthang, the capital of Mustang, is home to the impressive walled city, where the locals still practice ancient traditions and customs.

Trekking in Mustang offers a unique experience, allowing you to witness the region’s untouched beauty. The Upper Mustang Trek is a popular route, taking you through remote villages, crossing high mountain passes, and providing breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes.
Some Interesting Facts
- The region was once an independent kingdom known as the Kingdom of Lo, with Lo Manthang as its capital until 1951 when it became a part of Nepal.
- Prior to 1992, access to Mustang was restricted, making it a “Forbidden Kingdom” for outsiders.
- The restriction was lifted in 1992, allowing limited tourism in the region while preserving its unique cultural heritage.
- The region’s strategic location along the ancient salt trade route contributed to its cultural and historical significance.
Major Highlights of Mustang
- Unique Landscape: One of the major highlights of Mustang is its unique and captivating landscape. The region features arid and desert-like terrain, with deep gorges, rugged cliffs, and vast expanses of barren hills. The contrast of the barren landscape against the backdrop of the snow-capped Himalayas creates a mesmerizing and otherworldly setting.
- Ancient Tibetan Buddhist Culture: Mustang is renowned for its well-preserved Tibetan Buddhist culture. Explore ancient monasteries adorned with intricate murals, prayer flags fluttering in the wind, and the soothing chants of Buddhist monks. Engage with the local community and witness their devotion to their spiritual practices and rituals.
- Lo Manthang: The capital city of Mustang, Lo Manthang, is a major highlight in itself. Enclosed within a protective wall, Lo Manthang exudes a medieval charm with its mud-brick houses, narrow alleys, and ancient monasteries. Explore the city’s rich cultural heritage, interact with friendly locals, and immerse yourself in the traditional way of life.
- Cave Dwellings and Ancient Architecture: Mustang is dotted with ancient cave dwellings carved into the cliffs. These fascinating structures served as homes, monastic retreats, and storage spaces. Marvel at the architectural intricacies and learn about their historical significance, providing a glimpse into the lives of early inhabitants.
- Cultural Festivals: You can also experience the vibrant cultural festivals of Mustang, particularly the Tiji Festival. This three-day event showcases colorful masked dances, rituals, and ceremonies, depicting ancient legends and celebrating the triumph of good over evil. Immerse yourself in the joyous atmosphere and witness the cultural vibrancy of the region.

How to get there
- Fly to Kathmandu: Start by flying into Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital city. There are regular international flights to Kathmandu from major cities around the world.
- Domestic Flight to Pokhara: From Kathmandu, take a domestic flight to Pokhara. Several airlines operate daily flights between Kathmandu and Pokhara, and the flight duration is approximately 25-30 minutes.
- Drive to Jomsom: From Pokhara, you can either take a short scenic flight to Jomsom or opt for a road journey. The road journey from Pokhara to Jomsom takes around 8-10 hours and offers stunning views of the countryside and the Annapurna mountain range.
- Trek or Take a Jeep to Upper Mustang: From Jomsom, you have two options to reach Upper Mustang. You can either trek through the region or hire a four-wheel-drive jeep. The trekking route typically takes around 10-12 days, while the jeep journey takes about 2-3 days, depending on the road conditions.
Permit Requirements: Before entering the Upper Mustang, you need to obtain a special permit called the “Mustang Restricted Area Permit” from the Department of Immigration in Kathmandu. Additionally, you’ll also need the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) to enter the Annapurna Conservation Area, which includes parts of the Mustang region.
It’s important to note that Mustang is a restricted area for foreign tourists, and you must travel with a registered trekking agency or a licensed guide.
Image source: Google