The land of rich long history, Nepal has unique things to offer in the world. It is a land where many things ahead of time were built and also lost a lot of them to overcome the old past. Its long history comes with its large number of arts and architecture. With the influence of both India and China, Nepal is the combination of both neighboring countries. Since Nepal is rich in architecture and other aspects. Nepal has found its way from history to modern day. Among many Nepalese architectures, there is a unique design water spout Dhunge dhara, found in every place of Kathmandu Valley.
What is Dhunge Dhara?
Dhunge dhara is a traditional water spout in Nepal that has a unique design made of stone and are mainly designed with the figures of gods, goddesses, or mythical beings Nepalese history. Dhunge dhara has been a very important part of Nepalese culture and for Nepali people’s lives for a long time. It has been the source of drinking water, bathing, and daily household for Nepali people.
Historical Significance
Dhunge dhara is believed to be from the Lichhavi period of Nepal. These stone spouts are believed to have been created to store underground water from rivers, springs, and ponds. Over the period of time, it became an important part of the daily lives of people in Nepal. The dhara is often located near temples, country yards, and public squares, making them accessible to the local population.
The first known hiti, or water spout, is said to have been built in Kathmandu at Hadi Gaun by a grandson of Lichhavi King Mandev I in 550 AD, but there is evidence that a similar structure was built earlier than that. One Nepalese legend would indicate the existence of a working dhunge dhara in approximately 464 AD.
The Mangal Bazar in Patan is considered to be the oldest working dhunge dhara on record, which was built in 570 AD. In both Hadi Gaun Hiti and Manga Hiti, there seem to have been dates engraved on a stone within the hiti.
The Architecture and Design
The architecture of Dhunge Dhara is a symbol of the skill and creativity of Nepalese artisans. Each dhara is typically made from a single block of stone, carefully carved to ensure they work perfectly.
Dhunge dhara originally means stone spout because they are made with stone mainly, but some dhunge dharas are made from other materials like brass, copper, gold, and wood. The dhara is often carved in the shape of the mythical being, like Makara. This is a creature with the snout of a crocodile, the trunk of an elephant, the tusks and ears of a wild boar, and the tail of a peacock.
Dhunge Dharas are often built at a low ground level than the surrounding to allow gravity to support the flow of water. The source of water is often a nearby river or an underground spring which are connected to these sources through different networks of channels. This ancient engineering has made it possible to allow many Dhunge Dharas to continue functioning for centuries, despite the passage of time. It still is a source of water in many parts of the country.
Cultural and Religious Importance
In Nepalese culture, water is valued for many reasons other than leaving. It can be offerings to gods, a cure, or a symbol of purity. The water from Dhunge Dharas has been considered to be pure and has played an important role in rituals and ceremonies. The spouts, which are located near temples and holy places, are used for purification rites before entering the scared places. People also make offerings and prayers at these spouts, believing that the deities residing in the carvings will bless them with health and prosperity
Moreover, Dhunge Dharas have played an important part of community life. In the past, they served as gathering places for people where they would meet, socialize, and share news while collecting water. This unique aspect of Dhunge Dhara has helped generate a sense of unity and cooperation among the residents of Nepal’s towns and villages.
Dhunge Dhara in the Modern Context
In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in Dhunge Dharas since they are part of Nepal’s cultural heritage. People are now aware that they should preserve the Dhunge dhara. Scholars, conservation, and local communities are working together to restore and revive these stone spouts, which were in the verse of destruction. In addition to having their historical value, Dhunge Dharas are also being recognized for their contribution to sustainable water management in daily life of people.
Some Dhunge Dharas have been reconstructed into modern urban landscapes, blending the old with the new. These efforts not only highlight the importance of preserving Nepal’s past but also demonstrate how traditional practices can offer valuable solutions to modern issues.
Conclusion
Dhunge Dhara, Nepal’s stone spouts, are symbols of the country’s rich history, culture, and workmanship. It also serves as useful water sources. As Nepal grows and modernizes, it is critical to acknowledge the worth of these old structures and protect them for future generations. Nepal not only celebrates its legacy by preserving the Dhunge Dharas, but it also promotes a long-standing sustainable approach to water management.
Also read: Panchadan festival, a unique tradition in Nepal
